Shingles , commonly known as herpes zoster , is a viral illness that can affect anyone, although it’s more common in older adults or people with weakened immune systems. It can be painful, uncomfortable, and, in some cases, can leave long-lasting after-effects.
What is shingles?
Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus , the same virus that causes chickenpox. After chickenpox, the virus doesn’t disappear from the body; it remains dormant in nerve ganglia and can reactivate years later, causing shingles.
It is not a reinfection, but rather a reappearance of the same virus , this time affecting the peripheral nerves and skin in a more localized and painful way.
The main reasons why the virus reactivates include:
- Natural aging (over 50 years old).
- Severe physical or emotional stress .
- Weak immune system , either due to chronic diseases (such as HIV or cancer) or the use of immunosuppressive medications.
- Having had chickenpox in childhood (a requirement for developing shingles).
Although not very contagious, a person with shingles can transmit the virus to someone who has never had chickenpox, causing chickenpox (not shingles directly).
Common symptoms
Shingles usually begins with general symptoms, similar to a mild flu:
- Localized pain, burning, or tenderness in one part of the body (usually on one side of the torso or face).
- Tingling, itching, or stinging sensation on the skin.
- Low fever and general malaise.
- Two to four days later, a red rash with fluid-filled blisters appears , which break and crust over.
- In some cases, the pain persists even after the rash disappears, a condition known as postherpetic neuralgia .
There is no definitive cure for shingles, but there are effective treatments that can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms:
Medical treatment:
- Antivirals (such as acyclovir, valacyclovir): These are most effective if given within the first 72 hours.
- Painkillers : from paracetamol to more powerful painkillers.
- Topical creams and cold compresses to relieve itching.
Prevention:
- The shingles vaccine is especially recommended for people over 50. This vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease and also the severity of symptoms.
Lifestyle:
- Getting good sleep and reducing stress helps maintain a strong immune system.
- Avoid scratching lesions to prevent secondary infections.
Conclusion
Shingles may look like a simple rash, but its consequences can be painful and long-lasting if not treated promptly. If you suspect you have it, especially if you’ve had chickenpox and experience skin pain accompanied by blisters, see a doctor immediately. Early detection and prompt treatment make all the difference.
Taking care of your immune system is your best defense. And if you’re over 50, consider the vaccine an investment in your future health.
